Gallia Transalpina

Gallia Transalpina meant Further Gaul and was the Roman Province in Gaul on the other side of the Alps, whose chief cities were Marseille and Narbonne.
It became a Roman Senatorial Propraetorial Province in 121 BCE, and in 27 BCE was renamed Gallia Narbonensis.

Originally Gaul was divided into two Roman Provinces:
1. Gallia Cisalpina
  - or Nearer Gaul meaning Gaul this side of the Alps, north of the River Rubicon.
2. Gallia Transalpina
  - or Further Gaul meaning Gaul on the other side of the Alps.
In 123 BCE a Roman Army under General Quintus Fabius Maximus defeated the Gallic Tribes of the Arveni and Allobroges
In 121 BCE It became Gallia Transalpina to differentiate it from Gallia Cisalpina on the near side of the Alps. The Province covered the coast from Spain to Italy and the territory either side of the Rhone up to Lake Geneva.
It was a Senatorial Propraetorial Province.
In 105 BCE the Battle of Arausio (Orange) took place where the Cimbri and Teutoni massacred a Roman Army of 80,000 Legionaries, but instead of invading Italy they moved south to the Pyrenees.
In 102 BCE the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) took place, where Marius massacred 90,000 Teutones and Ambrones, capturing 20,000, and saving Italy from invasion.
Known to the Romans as ‘Provincia Nostra’ (Our Province), the French Department of Provence preserves that Name.
The Province was used by Julius Caesar as a launch point for operations during the Gallic Wars (58-50 BCE).
In 27 BCE Augustus divided Gaul into four provinces, and Gallia Transalpina became Gallia Narbonensis.