Sophene

Pre-Roman history:
- Sophene was a province in the Kingdom of Armenia and then formed part of the Seleucid Empire.
Acquisition by Rome:
- 190 BCE after the Battle of Magnesia, where the Roman Army defeated Antiochus III the Great, of the Seleucid Empire, Sophene became a Roman Client Kingdom.
Timeline of this Client Kingdom:
After Augustus reconstituted the Roman Republic into an Empire (27 BCE):
- 54-73 CE Nero appointed Sohaemus of Emesa as a Client King.
- 114-117 CE Sophene became a Roman Province under Trajan, but reverted to being a Roman Client Kingdom shortly afterwards.
- In 113 CE Trajan commenced an attack on the Parthian Empire: First he invaded Armenia, making Sophene a Roman Province in 114 CE. He then conquered Babylon, Seleucia and Ctesiphon, and defeated the Parthian King.
- He made the Parthian General Parthamaspates, a Client King and moved south and conquered Mesopotamia. However, all of these possessions verged on revolt and were effectively unmanageable. After Trajan died in Cilicia in 117 CE, on the way home to Rome, his successor Hadrian signed a Peace Treaty with Parthia, relinquishing Roman Ambitions in the East for a generation.
After Diocletion’s Reforms (297 CE):
Famous Persons from this Province:
Chief archeological Finds:

Capital City:
- Amida (Diyarbakir, Turkey)
Chief Cities:
Location Today:
- Southeastern Turkey
Neighbouring Roman Provinces:
- Cappadocia, Osrhoene, Commagene, and Armenia.
Climate and Temperature Today:
Main Rivers:
- Bordered to the west by the Euphrates.
- The Tigris starts its journey here and goes south.
Mountain Ranges:
Islands: None

One of the Buffer States between the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire, like Armenia.

Amida (Diyarbakir) Turkey