Civil Wars during the Roman Republic
- Sulla’s first Civil War (88-87 BCE)
- Sertorian War (83-72 BCE)
- Sulla’s second Civil War (82-81 BCE)
- Between Sulla and supporters of Gaius Marius.
- Lepidus’ Rebellion (77 BCE)
- Against Sulla.
- Catiline Conspiracy (63-62 BCE)
- Catiline attempted to overthrow the Roman Republic by assassinating key members of the Roman Senate.
- Great Roman Civil War (49-45 BCE)
- Also known as Caesar’s Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey.
- Assassination of Julius Caesar (44 BCE)
- Proscription (43 BCE)
- by the Second Triumvirate against the Roman Senate and Cicero.
- The Liberator’s Civil War (44-42 BCE)
- Between the Second Triumvirate and the Liberators, Brutus and Cassius (Julius Caesar’s Assassins)
- The Sicilian Revolt (44-36 BCE)
- Between the Second Triumvirate Octavian with Agrippa against Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey.
- The Perusine War (41-40 BCE)
- Between Octavian and Mark Anthony’s wife and younger Brother, Fulvia and Lucius Antonius.
- The Final War of the Roman Republic (32-30 BCE)
- between Octavian with Agrippa, and Mark Anthony with Queen Cleopatra VII, culminating in the Battle of Actium.
Civil Wars during the Roman Empire
- Year of the Four Emperors (69 BCE)
- Civil War between Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian
- 96-180 CE The Five Good Emperors then ruled during an uninterrupted period of Peace and Prosperity:
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius
- Year of the Five Emperors (193 CE)
- Civil War between Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, Septimius Severus
- Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE)
- This was an extended period of civil wars where the Roman Empire fragmented into smaller Empires. Diocletian finally reunited all the Provinces and changed their political structure by creating the Tetrarchy
- Year of the Six Emperors (238 CE)
- Civil War between Maximinus I, Gordian I, Gordian II, Pupienus, Balbinus, Gordian III
- Roman Civil War between Diocletian and Carinus (284-285 CE)
- Battle of the Margus (285 CE)
- The Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy (306-324 CE)
- Civil War bewteen Maxentius and Constantine I (312 CE)
- Civil War between Constantine I and Licinius (324 CE)
- Civil War between Constantius II and Magnentius (350-351 CE)
- Constantius II defeated Magnentius at the Battle of Mursa Major.
- Battle of Mursa Major (351 CE)
- This was the bloodiest battle in civil war in the history of the Roman Army.
- Magnentius lost two thirds of his army and Constantius II lost half, a total of 50,000 men.
- Civil War between Constantius II and Julian the Apostate (360-361 CE)
- The two sides were preparing for Battle between 360-361 CE, but when Constantius II suddenly fell ill, he adopted Julian as his heir on his deathbed, avoiding another civil war.
- Civil War between Theodosius I and Magnus Maximus (387-388 CE)
- Battle of Poetovio (388 CE) won by Theodosius I.
- Civil War between Theodosius I and Arbogast and Eugenius (392-4 CE)
- Battle of the Frigidus (5-6th September 394 CE) won by Theodosius I, but still lost 10,000 Goths in his own army.
- Civil Wars (395-476 CE)
- Civil Wars continue between the now separated Eastern and Western Empires. Within the Western Empire there are constant battles between rivals for the Throne.