Peregrini

• The Peregrinus (plural: Peregrini) was the Latin description for men who were free Provincial Subjects in the Roman Empire, between 30 BCE-212 CE, but who did not have Roman Citizenship.
• The Peregrini were grouped in their own cities, Civitas Peregrina, usually based on or near the old Tribal Oppidum.

Edict of Caracalla (212 CE)

• The Edict gave all men in the Roman Empire Roman Citizenship.

Criminal Law

• A Roman Citizen could appeal against the Ruling of a Provincial Governor directly to the Roman Emperor.
• The Peregrinus was at the mercy of the Legate and could be executed by him.

Civil Law

• The Peregrinus was subject to local laws of the Civitas Peregrina.
• The Roman Citizen was subject to Roman Law and in a dispute over land or trade, Roman Law would prevail over the laws of the Civitas.

Taxation

• The Peregrini had to pay Tributum in the form of two Taxes:
  1. Tributum capitis: an annual Poll tax, from which Roman Citizens were exempt.
  2. Tributum soli: a Land Tax. However, the Land inside Italia, and the land in the Roman Provinces belonging to the Roman Colonies, was exempt from Land Tax.

Enrolment in the Roman Army

• Peregrini could only enrol in the Roman Auxiliaries. At the end of 25 years of service they received Roman Citizenship.
• Whereas Roman Citizens could enrol directly into the Roman Legions, who received higher Pay.

Marriage

• Peregrini were not permitted to marry Roman Citizens, ie, they did not have the right of Conubium.

Cities

• Civitas Peregrina
• The Peregrini were grouped in their own Cities, usually based on or near the old Tribal Capital.
• They were subject to the Government and Laws of the Civitas, which in turn were subject to Roman Law.