Roman Legionary Clothing and Armour

Under the Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE) the Roman Legionary wore a standard Tunic, Belt and military boots.
Body Armour consisted of a Helmet and either segmented armour, Lorica Segmentata or mail armour, Lorica Hamata. Scale armour, Lorica Squamata, was phased out during the 2nd century CE).

The Roman Tunic
- A kilt of red or undyed off white wool.
Cingulum Militare
- The Military Belt, with hanging straps.
Caligae
- Military Boot (Singular: Caliga) A lace up Sandal with iron hobnails to reinforce the sole. Open to prevent foot diseases on long marches.
Paenula
- A coat reaching down to the thigh.
Focale
- A Neck Scarf.
Baldric
- A sword belt worn across the shoulder.
Balteus or Cingulum
- A belt around the waist held by a buckle (Fibula), for the Dagger (Pugio) and hanging straps (Baltia).
Braccae
- Woolen trousers.

The Legionary Helmet had a visor and cheek bands, and was similar to the cavalry helmet. It had a protective neck extension at the rear, and hinged protective cheek bands.
The Centurion’s Helmet and Officer’s Helmet had a longitudinal red horsehair plume to make them recognisable in battle. They also had a protective neck extension at the rear, and hinged protective cheek bands.
The Ribchester Helmet is a ceremonial Roman Helmet used in cavalry tournaments known as ‘Hippika Gymnasia’.