Herod the Great

Herod the Great was appointed a Roman Client King in 40 BCE and ruled Judaea until 4 BCE.
In order to legitimise the Herodian Dynasty, he married the Hasmonian Princess, Mariamne.

Judaea becomes a Roman Client Kingdom (63 BCE)
- In 63 BCE, after defeating Mithridates VI of Pontus in Syria, Pompey besieged Jerusalem and established Judaea as a Roman Client Kingdom.
Parthia invades Syria and Judaea (40 BCE)
- In 40 BCE, the Roman General under Brutus, Quintus Labienus, was given a Parthian Army, and took over Syria and invaded Judaea.
- The Roman Client King, Hyrcanus II, was deposed and a Persian Client King, Antigonus, installed in his place.
- In 37 BCE he was deposed by Herod the Great.
Rome appoints Herod the Great
- In 40 BCE The Roman Senate nominated Herod the Great as ‘King of the Jews’, meaning the Roman Client Kingdom of Judaea.
- In 37-36 BCE He entered Jerusalem at the head of a Roman Army, and ruled until his death in 4 BCE.
- In order to legitimise the Herodian Dynasty, he married the Hasmonian Princess, Mariamne.

6 CE Judaea became a Roman Province, after a brief Rule by Herod’s son.
The Capital was at Caesarea Maritima.
The Province of Judaea included Samaria and Idumea, but excluded the Golan, the Decapolis, Galilee and Peraea.

Galilee and Peraea were ruled from their Capital Tiberius, by Herod Antipas, the son of Herod the Great, from 6-39 CE.

The Second Temple of Jerusalem
- Originally completed in 516 BCE, it was rebuilt be Herod between 20-18 BCE.
- All that remains of the Second Temple is the Western Wall, known today as the Wailing Wall.
Caesarea Maritima
- The Naval Port.
Jericho
- A summer Palace.
Masada
- A mountain top fortress near the Dead Sea.
The Herodium
- Another Fortress Palace near Bethlehem.

Jerusalem, Capital of Judaea