- The Highland Line was the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands that ran in a southwest to northeast direction.
The First Roman Frontier with Scotland (82-87 CE)
- In 82-83 CE the Roman Army built a line of forts called the Glenblocker forts. These controlled the main entrance to the Scottish Highlands by blocking the mouth of each main valley and Pass into the Highlands.
- They were accompanied by a line of signaling watchtowers along the Gask Ridge.
- The Forts were controlled by Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress which was located in the centre of the Highland Line.
The Glenblocker Forts or Highland Line Forts (82-83 CE)
- These are Drumquhassle, Menteith/Malling, Bochastle, Doune, Dalgincross and Fendoch.
- The complete list of Forts and Fortlets on the Highland Line is as follows:
- Balmuildy, Cadder, Castlecary, Mumrills, Camelon, Drumquhassle, Menteith/ Malling, Glenbank, Bochastle, Ardoch, Sheilhill, Kaims Castle, Doune, Strageath, Dalgincross, Midgate, Bertha, Fendoch, Cargill, Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress, Cardean, Inverquharity and Stacathro.
Gask Ridge (82-83 CE)
- The Gask Ridge was a line of Signalling Watchtowers that were linked to and protected the Roman Army base of Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress in Scotland, along with the Glenblocker forts along the Highland Line.
Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress (82-83 CE)
- Between 82-83 CE, Inchtuthil Fortress was built and briefly occupied by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix, and the Legio II Adiutrix, under Agricola, the Roman General and Governor of Britannia as part of his invasion of Scotland.
- The Legio II Adiutrix stayed on until 86-7 CE.
Battle of Mons Graupius (83 CE)
- The Battle of Mons Graupius (83 CE) took place during the Roman invasion of Scotland (82-83 CE).
- It was fought between the Caledonian Confederacy led by Calgacus and the Roman Legions led by the Governor of Britannia, Agricola.
- The Battle resulted in a Roman Victory over the Caledonii.
- Tacitus wrote in his Work, ‘Agricola’, that up to 10,000 Caledonian tribesmen were killed, but at least 20,000 escaped to fight in later battles.
Hadrian's Wall (122-128 CE)
- Hadrian’s Wall was built later, between 122-128 CE, and remained under occupation until 406-410 CE.
Antonine Wall (139-142 CE)
- The Antonine Wall was built even later between 139-142 CE and occupied from 142-155 CE.
Septimius Severus' Caledonian Campaign (208-211 CE)
- The Antonine Wall and Inchtuthil Fortress were reoccupied again by an army of 40,000 legionaries during the invasion of Caledonia by Septimius Severus between 208-211 CE.
The Gask Ridge near Perth