Kitos War

The Kitos War (115-117 CE), also known as the Second Roman-Jewish War, was a series of Rebellions in 116 CE which occurred simultaneously in Judaea, Egypt, Cyprus and Cyrenaica, with the possibility of the Eastern Empire breaking away.
In 117 CE Trajan sent General Lucius Quietus to suppress the Rebellions in Mesopotamia and Judaea. His surname was corrupted to Kitos.

This War followed the earlier First Jewish-Roman War of 66-70 CE.
Between 113-116 CE Trajan invaded the Parthian Empire.
The Rebellion occurred whilst the Legions were away in the East during Trajan's Parthian War.
Trajan had already taken the Parthian Capital Ctesiphon and advanced to take Charax on the Persian Gulf, when the Rebellions broke out.

In Mesopotamia the Rebellion broke out after Trajan had successfully advanced to the Persian Gulf. The small Roman Garrisons left behind in the cities were all massacred, and the Rebellion spread to the other eastern Provinces.
Trajan was obliged to retreat and retake the rebel cities.
In Cyrenaica, a Jewish Rebellion broke out under Lukuas, who declared himself King.
Lukuas then moved into Egypt and took over Alexandria.
In Cyprus the Rebellion was led by Artemion.
In Judaea the Rebellion was led by two brothers Julian and Pappus who took control of Lydda (Lod) and threatened the Grain Route from Egypt. Small Roman Garrisons were massacred, and the Greek and Roman populations attacked.

Trajan found himself facing a potential breakaway of the entire eastern Roman Empire.
Trajan sent the Roman General Lucius Quietus to suppress the Rebellion in Mesopotamia and Judaea. His surname was corrupted to Kitos, and the war has been named after him. Despite his success, Quietus was to lose his command when Hadrian became Emperor in 117 CE.
Trajan sent a Detachment to suppress the Revolt in Cyprus.
Trajan sent the Roman General Quintus Marcius Turbo, to quell the Jewish Rebellion in Cyrenaica and Egypt. Later under Hadrian, he was appointed Prefect of the Praetorian Guard.

Trajan fell ill from sunstroke, and died on the journey back to Rome.
When Hadrian succeeded him, he immediately made a Peace Treaty with the Parthian Empire, where he returned Ctesiphon to the Parthians and restored the Frontier along the River Euphrates. The Peace lasted almost fifty years until 164 CE.
Hadrian pursued a policy of Deterrence instead of War.
Hadrian then set about repopulating the depleted colonies in all the affected eastern Provinces.

The brutal suppression of the Kitos War by Trajan, was the underlying cause of the later Bar Kokhba's Revolt in Judaea.
After this Revolt was suppressed by Hadrian, Judaea was depopulated and renamed Syria Palestina, and the Jewish Religion banned temporarily throughout the Roman Empire. The ban was only lifted after Hadrian died in 137 CE.

Lydda (Lod), Israel