- The Maghreb is the area traditionally referred to as the area of northwest Africa, from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco to the eastern borders of Libya.
- It included modern Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, but not Egypt. During the 16th-19th century CE, the Maghreb was known as the Barbary Coast or Berber Coast.
History
- Carthage
- 814-146 BCE:
- the area came under the control of the city state of Carthage.
- 814-146 BCE:
- Roman Empire
- 146-29 BCE:
- The Maghreb consisted of Roman Client States under the Roman Republic.
- 29 BCE to 428-439 CE:
- Under the Roman Empire, the Maghreb consisted of five Provinces: Mauretania Tingitana, Mauretania Caesariensis, Africa Proconsularis, Tripolitana, and Cyrenaica.
- 146-29 BCE:
- Vandal Kingdom
- 435-534 CE:
- The Vandal Kingdom ruled the Maghreb after the Vandal Invasions of 428-439 CE.
- 435-534 CE:
- Byzantine Empire
- 534-709 CE:
- The Exarchate of Carthage: The Maghreb was ruled as part of the Byzantine Empire.
- 534-709 CE:
- Islamic Caliphates
- 709-1830 CE:
- The Maghreb formed part of various Islamic Caliphates, before becoming part of the Ottoman Empire.
- 709-1830 CE:
- Kingdom of Morocco
- 789-1912 CE:
- Morocco remained an independent Kingdom, and was not ruled by the Ottoman Empire.
- 789-1912 CE:
- French Empire
- 1830-1956 CE:
- The French Empire ruled Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco between 1912 – 1956 CE.
- 1830-1956 CE:
- Independence
- 1951 CE: Libya became independent.
- 1956 CE: Morocco and Tunisia became independent.
- 1962: Algeria became independent.
- 1989: The Arab Maghreb Union was established by Muammar Ghaddafi of Libya, based on these four countries, which now includes Mauretania and the Western Sahara.
The Maghreb, Africa