Population of Ancient Rome

• The population of the city of Rome exceeded 1 million by first century CE.
• By 47 CE, Roman Italy had 6 million citizens and the Roman Empire had 60-70 million citizens, excluding Italy.

The Four Classes in Roman Society

1. Patrician:
   • The Patricians were the wealthy Roman Landowning Aristocracy, Their wealth came from ownership of huge Agricultural Estates known as Latifundia,
2. Equestrian:
   • The Equites were the Roman Knights, who developed as a separate class after the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE). They owned a minimum property value of 50,000 Denarii, and later still under Augustus (27BCE-14 CE), of 100,000 Denarii.
3. Plebeian:
   • Everyone else.
   • The lowest order of the Plebeians were the former slaves who formed a separate class called the Libertini, meaning Freedmen.
4. Roman Slaves
   • The Slaves formed a fourth class. The Slave was the Property of his Master.