Roman Provinces

• The Roman Provinces (Latin: proviniciae) were administrative and territorial units of the Roman Empire.
• The Provinces provided Taxes as a source of Income for Rome as well as the local Governor of the Province.

Roman Provincial Government

• Under the Roman Republic:
  1. Propraetorial Provinces ruled by a Propraetor.
  2. Proconsular Provinces ruled by a Proconsul.
• Under the Roman Empire:
  1. Senatorial Provinces consisted of Propraetorial and Proconsular Provinces as before.
  2. Imperial Provinces also consisted of Propraetorial and Proconsular Provinces but with an additional type called a Procuratorial Province ruled by a Procurator.

The Provincial Governor

• The Roman Provincial Government was headed by the Governor, who would be either:
  1. Proconsul if he was a former Consul.
  2. Propraetor if he was a former Praetor.
  3. Procurator who ruled as a Prefect
     • Examples include Judaea and Egypt where the Governor was a Prefect.

Types of Province

1. Proconsular Province List
   • Augustus decreed that there would always be ten Senatorial Provinces under a Proconsular Senator. who ruled without the Emperor’s intervention.
   • They had no Legions under their control with the exception of Africa Proconsularis which had the Legio III Augusta at Lambaesis.
2. Propraetorial Province List
   • A Propraetorial Province was a Roman Province governed by a Propraetor.
   • It was either a Senatorial Province or an Imperial Province.
3. Procuratorial Province List
   • These were usually newly occupied Lands in transition to becoming Imperial or Senatorial Provinces.
   • The Governor was an Imperial Procurator appointed by the Roman Emperor.

List of Provinces

• Republican Province List
• Timeline of Roman Provinces
• Diocletian's Praetorian Prefectures
• Roman Frontiers