Hispania Ulterior

Hispania Ulterior (further Spain) and Hispania Citerior (nearer Spain) were the two Roman divisions of Spain, which was acquired by during the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain) was the Guadalquivir area: Portugal, Andalusia, Extremadura, Leon, a large part of Castilla la Vieja, Cantabria, Asturias, Galicia, El Pais Vasco.

In 218 BCE Hannibal landed here with 37 elephants and proceeded to invade Italy via Gaul.

In 206 BCE at the Battle of Llipia, the Romans defeated the Carthaginian armies in Hispania.
Hispania became a Republican Province which included the Balearic Islands.

Under the Roman Republic Spain was divided into:
- Hispania Citerior (Nearer Spain)
  - Ebro area: Aragon, Cataluna, Valencia, a large pat of Castilla la Neuva
- Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain)
  - Guadalquivir area: Portugal, Andalusia, Extremadura, Leon, a large part of Castilla la Vieja, Cantabria, Asturias, Galicia, El Pais Vasco.

In 197 BCE a revolt by the Turdetani in southern Spain was followed by the Celtiberians in the North and East of Spain.
195 BCE Cato the Elder became Consul and ordered a suppression of the Rebellion.
In 194 BCE Cato returned to Rome leaving behind 2 Praetors, one for each Province.
61 BCE Julius Caesar was elected Quaestor, and sent to Lusitania, part of Hispania Ulterior under the Governor Antistius Vetus.
61 BCE He was elected Propraetor Governor of Hispania Ulterior.
- Based at Scallabis (Santarem), Caesar pursued and attacked the Lusitani between the Tagus and the Douro. He also commanded a naval force into Gallaecia.
60 BCE Julius Caesar won a series of victories over the Gallaecians and the Lusitanians. His army hails him as ‘Imperator’ making him eligible for a Roman Triumph.

Spain