Roman Frontiers

• The Frontiers of the Roman Empire were manned by 28-33 Legions. In the North, the Frontiers were the borders of Britannia, the River Rhine and the River Danube. In the East, the Frontiers were the borders of Turkey, Syria and Jordan.
• In the South, the Frontiers were the Deserts below Tunisia, Libya and Southern Egypt.

BRITANNIA

Number of Legions: 3

• • The three Main Legionary Fortresses:
    • York
    • Chester
    • Caerleon
    • Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress was the fourth, but was not in use for long.

Walls: 2

• • Hadrian's Wall
    • Hadrian’s Wall is a 74 mile (119km) Roman defensive stone wall with Forts at intervals, built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian between 122-128 CE. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    • The Wall runs east-west from the Irish Sea at Bowness-on-Solway to the North Sea at Wallsend, Newcastle.
    • Stanegate. Not a Wall, but a line of ten forts below Hadrian’s Wall, which ran from Carlisle to Corbridge.
  • Antonine Wall
    • The Antonine Wall is a Roman Defensive Wall in Scotland that was built of stone and turf between 138-142 CE.
    • It runs from coast to coast between Glasgow and Edinburgh.
    • To the north of this wall was the briefly occupied Highland Line, the Gask Ridge and Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress.

Navy: 1

• • Classis Britannica (CLBR)
    • Based in southeastern England from Portsmouth Harbour to the Wash, in the Saxon Shore Forts.

THE RHINE

Number of Legions: 8

• • 8 Legionary Fortresses (3 Double Fortresses)
    • Germania Inferior:
      • Xanten
      • Bonn
      • Cologne
      • Neuss.
    • Germania Superior:
      • Mainz
      • Windisch
      • Strasbourg
    • Raetia:
      • Regensburg

Walls: 3

• • Limes Germanicus: from the North Sea to Regensburg.
    • Lower Germanic Limes.
    • Upper Germanic Limes.
    • Raetian Limes.

Navy: 2

• • Classis Germanica (CLGR)
    • Lower Rhine: one Fleet based at Xanten.
    • Upper Rhine: the other at Mainz.

THE DANUBE

Number of Legions: 11

• • 11 Legionary Fortresses + 1 Fortress in Dacia
    • Noricum
      • Enns (Lauriacum)
    • Pannonia Superior
      • Vienna (Vindobona)
      • Carnuntum
    • Pannonia Inferior
      • Szony (Brigetio)
      • Budapest (Aquincum)
      • Sirmium
    • Moesia Superior
      • Belgrade (Singidunum)
      • Viminacium
    • Moesia Inferior
      • • Novae
        • Durostorum (Silistra)
        • Troesmis

Walls: 6

• • Danube Limes, from Regensburg to the Black Sea.
    • Trajan's Wall, in Moesia Inferior.
    • Pannonian Limes, also known as the Danube Wall.
    • Limes Sarmatiae
    • Limes Moesiae, in Eastern Romania and Moldavia.
    • Limes Transalutanus
    • Limes Alutanus, in Eastern Romania.

Navy: 2

• • Classis Pannonica
    • Upper Danube based at Mursa, Osijek.
  • Classis Moesica
    • Lower Danube based at Noviodunum
      • Fleet Base of the Classis Moesica which used the Liburnian, some of which had Rams.
    • Sexaginta Prista (Ruse, Bulgaria): (meaning city of 60 Ships)

THE EAST

Number of Legions: 8

Walls: 1

• • Limes Arabicus
    • stretched from northern Syria to Aqaba on the Red Sea.

Navy: 2

• • Classis Syriaca in Syria.
  • Classis Alexandrina in Egypt.

Syria

• • Number of Legions: 4
    • Raphanae
    • Zeugma
    • Samosata
    • Apamea.
  • Navy: 1
    • Classis Syriaca based at Seleucia of Pieria.

Judaea

• • Number of Legions: 1
    • Based at Jerusalem and Caesarea Maritima

Arabia Petraea

• • Number of Legions: 1
    • Based at Bostra.

Egypt

• • Number of Legions: 2
    • Based in the double fortress at  Alexandria.
  • Navy: 1
    • Classis Alexandrina
      • Based at Alexandria to protect the Alexandrian Grain Fleet and the River Nile as far south as the Cataracts of the Nile.

AFRICA

Number of Legions: 1

• • The African Legion at Lambaesis

Walls: 2

• • Limes Tripolitanus
  • Fossatum Africae.

SPAIN

Number of Legions: 1

• • The Spanish Legion at Leon to manage the Gold Mine and maintain order in Cantabrica.

ITALY

Number of Legions: 1-2

• • Rome
    • Praetorian Guard in the Castra Praetoria in Rome.
    • Legio II Parthica located in the Castra Albana at Albano Laziale, 15 miles (25km) from Rome.

Walls: 2

• • Rome
    • Servian Wall (built after c.390 BCE)
    • Aurelian Walls (270-275 CE)

Navy: 2

• • Classis Ravennas
    • Based at Ravenna.
  • Classis Misenensis
    • Based at Misenum, Portus and Centumcellae.