Wiki Categories: Map Features

Pontine Islands

  • The Pontine Islands are an archipelago located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the coast of Italy.
  • They consist of Gavi, Palmarola, Pomza, Santo Stefano, Ventotene, Zannone.

Ventotene

  • Ventotene, one of the Pontine Islands, was used as a place of Exile for prominent Romans.
  • A small Roman harbour carved out of the rock is still in use today.

 

Ventotene

  • Ventotene, was Roman Pandateria, and is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is a tiny Island, 0.61 mile (1 km) long and 0.43 mile (700m) wide.
  • It is one of the Pontine Islands along with Gavi, Palmarola, Pomza, Santo Stefano and Zannone.

The Roman Sites

  • A small Roman harbour carved out of the rock is still in use today.

Roman Place of Exile

  • Ventotene was used as a place of Exile for prominent Romans.
  • Julia the Elder (39 BCE- 14 CE)
    • Augustus accused his only daughter of Adultery and Treason. She escaped Execution and instead was banished in 2 BCE to Ventotene for 5 years, accompanied by her Mother Scribonia.
    • Augustus built an artificial harbour, chiselled out of the rock, to supply his exiled daughter, Julia the Elder. It is still in use.
  • Agrippina the Elder (14 BCE-33 CE)
    • Daughter of Julia the Elder: Tiberius Banished and imprisoned her for life in 29 CE, and she died and was buried there in 17 October 33 CE.
    • After becoming Emperor in 37 CE, her son Caligula, went to Ventotene, and returned both with her ashes and those of his brother Nero. The urn containing her ashes was placed on the bows of a Bireme that ceremoniously rowed up the Tiber into Rome. The ashes were then placed in the Mausoleum of Augustus.
  • Flavia Domitilla (d. 100 CE)
    • Also known as Saint Flavia Domitilla, who was banished here in 95 CE on the Charge of Atheism for practising Christianity. She died in 100 CE.

 

Ventotene

Hallstatt Salt Mine

  • Hallstatt Salt Mine is located near the village of Hallstatt in Austria, which has been active since the Bronze Age.

The Hallstatt Culture

  • This is the culture associated with the Celtic, Proto-Celtic and Illyrian peoples who lived and worked in the Salt Mine from the eighth century BCE to the fifth century BCE, the Early European Iron Age.
  • A cemetery containing 1,045 burials was excavated in the nineteenth century. Grave Goods from this Period include Iron swords as well as Bronze swords, bodies placed in graves (inhumation) as well as cremation.

Links

Nearby Salt Mines and Cities

 

Hallstatt Salt Mine, Austria

Carteia, San Roque

Carteia

  • Carteia was a Roman Naval base in Baetica. The Roman ruins are between the town of San Roque and Gibraltar.
  • Strabo wrote that it was founded by the Phoenicians in 940 BCE.

Naval Base

  • 206 BCE: Naval Battle of Carteia:
    • Adherbal, the Carthaginian Admiral was confronted by the Roman Admiral Gaius Laelius, who defeated the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War (218-202 BCE).
  • 190 BCE: Carteia finally fell to the Romans.
  • 67 BCE: Carteia became a Roman naval base:
    • Pompey made Carteia his base when the conflict between Pompey and the Pirates resulted in Rome clearing the Mediterranean of Pirates permanently.

Roman Sites

  • Roman Temples
  • Roman Kilns
  • Roman Forum

Strait of Gibraltar

  • The Strait of Gibraltar is the sea between Gibraltar and Morocco, and the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
  • The distance at the narrowest point is 8.1 miles (13km) and the winds blow predominately from the east (the Levante) or the west (the Poniente).

Pillars of Hercules

Roman Roads

 

Carteia, San Roque

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carteia, near La Linea

Hallein Salt Mine

  • The Hallein Salt Mine is located in Austria, near Salzburg (Latin name ‘Juvavum’)
  • The Mine was worked for 7,000 years until recently, and produced Salt Rock Crystals. Today it is closed.

Salzburg

  • Salzburg in German means ‘Salt Fortress’.
  • The river Salzach means ‘Salt River’, down which the Salt was transported and distributed along the Danube. Salt made Salzburg wealthy.

Other nearby Salt Mines

 

Hallein Salt Mine, Austria

Band-e Kaisar

  • Band-e Kaisar means ‘Caesar’s Bridge’, and is also known as the ‘Bridge of Valerian’. It is located near Shushtar in Iran, then known as Susa.
  • It is a combined Roman Road, Bridge and arched Dam and is the easternmost Roman Monument, and has been a Unesco World Heritage Site since 2009 CE.

History

  • It was built by the captured Roman Legions after their disastrous defeat by the Persians under Shapur I at the Battle of Edessa in 260 CE.
  • Valerian was the only Roman Emperor to be captured and taken as a prisoner of war. The Legions then built the city of Bishapur where Valerian lived out his captivity.

Construction

  • The 1,600 ft (500 m) long Roman Dam consisted of approximately 40 arches over the River Karun. The Weir was an arched bridge carrying the road from Pasargadae to Ctesiphon. It was the first combined Bridge and Dam in Persia.
  • The construction took between 3 to 7 years to complete, and its Ruins are still standing.
  • As an overflow Dam, it was used to irrigate the surrounding area.
  • The Dam was subsequently copied by Persian engineers, influencing their techniques of hydraulic engineering.

Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System

Bishapur (Ruins)

  • In 266 CE, the captured Roman Legionaries built the nearby city of Bishapur, in the Province of Fars, where they, and Valerian, then lived.
  • The Legionaries built a Palace for Shapur I, with Roman Mosaics.
  • They also constructed the Temple of Anahita.

 

Shushtar Hydraulic System, Iran

Abydos

  • Abydos was a city in Ancient Egypt with a Temple complex, famous for being the Cult Centre of Osiris and a Site of Pilgrimage by Ancient Egyptians.
  • It is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt and holds the Temple of Set I. It is located northwest of Luxor at a point 7 miles (11km) west of the Nile.

History

  • The Tomb of Djer
    • Djer was the third Pharaoh of the First Dynasty (c.3,000 BCE).  This was perceived as the Tomb of Osiris.
  • Annual Re-enactment of the Myth of Osiris:
    • At the Osiris Temple in Abydos an annual re-enactment of the Myth of Osiris took place with hundreds of Priests and Priestesses playing the roles of all the Gods.
    • It took place during the fourth month, the month of Chioak, after the Annual Rise of the Nile, which was the beginning of the Agricultural season when the farmers started planting.
    • The Procession then travelled from the Temple of Osiris to the Tomb of Djer.
  • ‘Raising of the Djed’:
    • During the Pharaoh’s Jubilee year, in the month of Chiok, a ceremony called ‘Raising the Djed’ occurred, where a wooden Djed Pillar would be hauled upright by ropes.
    • Raising the Djed Pillar symbolised the rebirth of Osiris.

Monuments

  • Temple of Seti I (c.1,300 BCE)
    • also known as the Great Temple of Abydos
    • an Osireion is located at the rear of the Temple.
    • Abydos King List
      • The Gallery of the Lists in the Temple of Seti I holds Egyptian Hieroglyphs listing the names of 76 Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.
    • Abydos Graffiti
      • Phoenician and Aramaic graffiti was written on the walls of the Temple of Seti I.
    • Helicopter Hieroglyphs
      • One set of Hieroglyphs is thought to contain images of a helicopter, a zeppelin or plane and a submarine.

 

Abydos

Chedworth Roman Villa

Chedworth Roman Villa

  • Chedworth Roman Villa is located 8 miles (16km) north of Cirencester, overlooking the river Coin close by the Fosse Way.
  • Built in c. 120 CE, it is the second largest villa in Britannia and was in use until the fourth century CE.

Description

  • Chedworth has a natural spring with a pool which holds a shrine or Nymphaeum. A Temple existed to the south east of the villa.
  • By the fourth century CE there were three wings around a central courtyard. 11 rooms had Roman Mosaic floors and there were 2 bathhouses.

Links

 

 

Chedworth Roman Villa